📘 고1 영어 문법 핵심 정리

📘 고1 영어 문법 핵심 정리

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📌 1. 문장의 기본 구조 (Sentence Structure)

영어 문장은 **5형식(SVO 패턴)**으로 나뉨.

형식 구조 예문

1형식	S + V	She sleeps early.
2형식	S + V + C	He is a teacher.
3형식	S + V + O	I love pizza.
4형식	S + V + IO + DO	She gave me a gift.
5형식	S + V + O + OC	They call me a genius.

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📌 2. 시제 (Tense)

⏳ 1) 현재 시제 (Present Tense)

시제 형태 예문

현재 단순	동사 원형 / 3인칭 단수 -s	She studies English.
현재 진행	am/is/are + V-ing	She is studying English.
현재 완료	have/has + p.p.	She has studied English.

⏳ 2) 과거 시제 (Past Tense)

시제 형태 예문

과거 단순	동사 과거형	She studied English.
과거 진행	was/were + V-ing	She was studying English.
과거 완료	had + p.p.	She had studied English.

⏳ 3) 미래 시제 (Future Tense)

시제 형태 예문

미래 단순	will + V	She will study English.
미래 진행	will be + V-ing	She will be studying English.
미래 완료	will have + p.p.	She will have studied English.

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📌 3. 조동사 (Modal Verbs)

• 능력: can, could → I can swim.
• 허가: may, can → May I come in?
• 의무: must, have to → You must study.
• 추측: may, might → He may be busy.
• 조언: should, ought to → You should sleep early.

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📌 4. to부정사 vs 동명사

✅ to부정사 (to + V)

1) 목적 (to V = "하기 위해")
✔ I study to pass the exam.

2) 형용사적 용법 (명사 수식)
✔ I have a book to read.

3) 명사적 용법 (주어/보어 역할)
✔ To study English is fun.

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✅ 동명사 (V-ing)

1) 주어/목적어 역할
✔ Studying English is important.
✔ I enjoy reading books.

2) 전치사의 목적어
✔ He is good at singing.

❗ to부정사 vs 동명사 차이

to부정사 동명사

미래적인 느낌	현재적인 느낌
I hope to go.	I enjoy going.

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📌 5. 관계대명사 (Relative Pronouns)

관계대명사 용법 예문

who	사람 주격	He is the boy who loves soccer.
whom	사람 목적격	She is the girl whom I met.
whose	소유격	He is the man whose car is red.
which	사물 주격/목적격	This is the book which I read.
that	사람/사물	He is the person that helped me.

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📌 6. 가정법 (Conditional Sentences)

✅ 1) 가정법 현재 (가능성 있음)

✔ If it rains, I will stay home.
✔ (현재 시제 + 미래 시제)

✅ 2) 가정법 과거 (현재 사실 반대)

✔ If I were rich, I would travel the world.
✔ (과거 시제 + would/could/might + 동사 원형)

✅ 3) 가정법 과거완료 (과거 사실 반대)

✔ If I had studied, I would have passed.
✔ (had + p.p. + would have + p.p.)

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📌 7. 비교급 & 최상급 (Comparatives & Superlatives)

원급 비교급 (-er/more) 최상급 (-est/most)

fast	faster	fastest
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst

✔ 비교급 + than: She is taller than me.
✔ 최상급 + the: He is the tallest in the class.

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📌 8. 수동태 (Passive Voice)

능동태 수동태

She writes a letter.	A letter is written by her.
He made a cake.	A cake was made by him.

✔ be + p.p. (과거분사) 형태
✔ by + 행위자 (생략 가능)

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📌 9. 접속사 (Conjunctions)

종류 예시

등위접속사	and, but, or, so (She is kind and smart.)
종속접속사	because, when, if, although (I stayed home because it rained.)
상관접속사	either A or B, not only A but also B (She is not only kind but also smart.)

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📌 10. 간접화법 (Indirect Speech)

✔ 직접화법 → 간접화법 변환

직접화법 간접화법

He said, "I am busy."	He said (that) he was busy.
She said, "I will go."	She said she would go.

✔ 시제 변환: 현재 → 과거 / will → would / can → could

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